Rivista di Digital Politics

Leo Havemann, Paola Corti, Javiera Atenas, Chrissi Nerantzi, Antonio Martínez-Arboleda

MAKING THE CASE: OPENING HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH COLLABORATION

Open education (Oe) describes a range of practices which support and promote the open sharing of knowledge, resources, and educational opportunities, often with the goal of making these free at the point of use, regardless of socioeconomic status or geographic location. Through Oe it is possible to build public capabilities across the spectrum of formal, informal and non-formal educational routes and to create lifelong and lifewide learning opportunities and education for all. Grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Unesco regards education as a basic human right that reduces poverty and lessens inequalities, which should be viewed as a cornerstone of sustainable development and ultimately, social justice, and promotes Oe as foundational for these activities and aims To ignite and sustain these innovative learning and teaching opportunities and make them available for all, policies are needed. Social justice, redistribution, recognition, and cultural diversity underpinning inclusion are a challenge for education, including Oe, although it offers multiple opportunities and tools aimed precisely at adapting to very diverse user communities. Enabling policies at the institutional level can play a crucial role in fostering Oe, and higher education can thereby play an important role in overcoming challenges created by neoliberal educational systems which lead to lack of funding in education, and a lack of prestige associated with the educator role as compared with that of the researcher. The article examines the micro politics of Oe and examples of collaboration across institutions and roles, in order to make the case for higher education institutions to support knowledge equity, and to prioritise collective expert knowledge-building and radical collaboration.

KEYWORDS: Open Educational Practices, Open Education Movement, Policy, Collaboration.

LEGGI QUI: https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.53227/108468

Paola Galimberti

TRIAL AND ERROR: THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD APPLIED TO OPEN ACCESS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE ITALIAN SITUATION

In the past two decades, scientific communication has witnessed numerous developments and shifts. Despite the initial promise of the internet for democratizing knowledge, this ideal did not materialize. Similarly, open access, which seemed like an opportunity not to be missed, has not been fully embraced by researchers, and establishing clear rules for accessing publicly funded works has proven challenging.Scientific journals, in fact, the main communication channel for many disciplines, are firmly in the hands of commercial publishers who over time have managed (at veryhigh costs) the dual function of research validation and its dissemination, necessarily orienting it primarily according to profit criteria. For some time now, from various stakeholders (starting with research funding bodies), there has been an effort to push towards the development of public infrastructures managed by disciplinary and interdisciplinary communities that separately address the issue of validation (through open peer review platforms) and that of dissemination (through pre-print platforms), somehow freeing scientific research from its traditional gatekeepers.The purpose of this contribution is to describe the progress made so far in the pursuit of fully sharing the validation, evaluation, and dissemination processes in research. Twenty years after the widespread adoption of open access policies, there have been numerous attempts, mistakes, and policy adjustments. This iterative process, including policy enactment, promotion, monitoring, assessment of effects, and necessary corrections, is how progress is made everywhere (except, perhaps, in our country). A specific paragraph will be dedicated to the Italian situation, which is causing concern due to its complete isolation from what is happening in the rest of the world. This process of trial and error, the search for new paths towards transparency and the sharing of scientific research processes, followed by reconsiderations and realignments, seems to have found no resonance in our country. Where measures have been adopted, they have often been taken when the rest of the world was already moving away from them, with a chronic delay that has rarely taken into account the experiences (even highly criticized ones) and critical evaluations made in other countries.This contribution is based on the principles of accessibility, transparency, and, in many cases, reproducibility, which are now essential for ensuring the credibility of science and gaining the trust of those who finance it. The author acknowledges that what will be described is not a final destination but one of the many stages in the trial-and-error process inherent in scientific research

KEYWORDS: Open Science, Open Access, Transparency of Editorial Processes, Open Peer Review, Publication Strategies.

LEGGI QUI: https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.53227/108472

Giuseppe Galetta

THE OSINT MODEL IN THE MILITARY CONTEXT: OPEN/CLOSED ACCESS DYNAMICS IN THE INFORMATION PROCESSING FOR STRATEGIC PURPOSES

In this historical moment, characterized by a resurgence of conflicts throughout the world, the upheaval of geopolitical balances, but above all by the war in Ukraine, access to open sources is proving to be of absolute strategic importance for the military sector. The defense and national security needs of states, combined with rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, are reshaping the field of military intelligence, which now increasingly relies on advanced information analysis tools, with the aim of gaining a strategic advantage over the enemy. In a hybrid warfare scenario, where the war fought on the battlefield is accompanied by the information war, full control of information is fundamental to achieve informational supremacy over the adversary. The use of Open-source intelligence (Osint) in the military context is extremely varied: threat assessment, field operation planning, enemy movements analysis, data collection on their offensive and defensive capabilities, assessment of collateral damages, monitoring of activities of terrorist groups and international criminal organizations, forecasting sabotage actions on sensitive targets, peacekeeping operation planning. Since this is a highly complex scenario, but still without an adequate theoretical framework, this article aims to develop a reference model capable of illustrating the open sources processing dynamics by the military organizations, which exploit open data following specific procedures.

KEYWORDS: Osint, Cyberwarfare, Information Warfare, Military Intelligence.

LEGGI QUI: https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.53227/108474